Resultados de búsqueda para Human in the Loop

During the last decade, the mobile application market has grown steadily thanksto the massive use of smartphones and the emergence of cloud computing foroffloading computation tasks and improving the quality of experience. Nevertheless, the increasing amount of information exchanged, the stringent requirements of many IoT applications, and the need for these applications to adapt their behaviour in real time to the user’s context set these architectural assumptions a challenge. Paradigms such as mobile, mist, and edge computing have recently been proposed to exploit the computational and storage capabilities of current smartphones and IoT devices in order to onload some tasks onto them, reducing the overhead on both the cloud and the network. Currently, the application of these paradigms requires skilled developers as there lack standards and tools facilitating their development.This communication introduces Human Microservices as a framework facilitating the deployment of APIs on companion devices in order to provide personal and updated information that can be consumed by other entities. The framework improves the integration of humans in the IoT loop and facilitates the deployment of computation units in devices closer to end users. The proposed framework is based on existing standards in order to improve software quality and shorten the learning curve.

Context: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are gradually and widely introducing autonomous capabilities into everything. However, human participation is required to accomplish tasks that are better performed with humans (often called human-in-the-loop). In this way, human-in-the-loop solutions have the potential to handle complex tasks in unstructured environments, by combining the cognitive skills of humans with autonomous systems behaviors.Objective: The objective of this paper is to provide appropriate techniques and methods to help designers analyze and design human-in-the-loop solutions. These solutions require interactions that engage the human, provide natural and understandable collaboration, and avoid disturbing the human in order to improve human experience.Method: We have analyzed several works that identified different requirements and critical factors that are relevant to the design of human-in-the-loop solutions. Based on these works, we have defined a set of design principles that are used to build our proposal. Fast-prototyping techniques have been applied to simulate the designed human-in-the-loop solutions and validate them.Results: We have identified the technological challenges of designing human-in-the-loop CPSs and have provided a method that helps designers to identify and specify how the human and the system should work together, focusing on the control strategies and interactions required.Conclusions: The use of our approach facilitates the design of human-in-the-loop solutions. Our method is practical at earlier stages of the software life cycle since it allows domain experts to focus on the problem and not on the solution.

Los sistemas autónomos (SA) están diseñados para actuar de forma autónoma en gran parte de su trabajo; sin embargo, la autonomía completa es una utopía a medio y corto plazo. Este hecho hace necesario que el humano ayude a completar su funcionalidad (‘human-in-the-loop’). Este tipo de sistemas deben garantizar en todo momento un correcto funcionamiento autónomo, a la vez que de-be ceder, bajo ciertas condiciones, total o parcialmente el control al humano para la realización de algunas tareas. Esto requiere analizar y diseñar los siste-mas para que involucren al humano de forma adecuada ante situaciones donde no es posible alcanzar la autonomía, procurando garantizar una correcta integración humano-sistema. En este trabajo se proporcionan las bases para analizar y diseñar las interacciones humano-sistema. En este artículo se presenta un análisis que permite identificar los aspectos esenciales de la participación del humano en el SA y se propone una técnica para especificar como integrar el humano y el sistema en las primeras fases de desarrollo. Los coches autónomos se toman como ejemplo para ilustrar la propuesta mediante escenarios reales.

Estamos entrando gradualmente en la era de los sistemas que pretenden dotar de capacidades de computación autónoma a servicios cotidianos. La búsqueda de la autonomía completa es un reto que se está persiguiendo en diversos ámbitos de aplicación y sectores industriales. Sin embargo, la realidad es que la variedad de sistemas, dominios, entornos y contextos de ejecución, restricciones legales y sociales, hace vislumbrar un mundo donde esta autonomía completa será una utopía a corto y medio plazo. En los escenarios en que el sistema autónomo no pueda automatizar completamente sus tareas, se requerirá pues de la participación humana. Desde un punto de vista ingenieril la colaboración entre el humano y estos sistemas (Human in the Loop) introduce un considerable número de retos y problemas a resolver. En este trabajo se identifican los retos tecnológicos que introduce esta colaboración humano-sistema, y se define un marco conceptual que identifica los aspectos a considerar desde un punto de vista abstracto e ingenieril.